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Museums of the Vatican City

Art museum in The holy see

Vatican Museums

Musei Vaticani
The Vatican Museums every bit seen from the dome of St. Peter'due south Basilica
Established	1506; 516 years ago  (1506)
Location	Vatican City
Coordinates	41°54′23″N 12°27′16″E  /  41.90639°N 12.45444°E  / 41.90639; 12.45444 Coordinates: 41°54′23″North 12°27′16″E  /  41.90639°Northward 12.45444°E  / 41.90639; 12.45444
Type	Art museum
Drove size	seventy,000[ane]
Visitors	1,300,000 (2020)[two]
Director	Barbara Jatta[iii]
Website	Official website

The Vatican Museums (Italian: Musei Vaticani; Latin: Musea Vaticana) are the public museums of the Vatican Urban center. They display works from the immense collection amassed past the Cosmic Church and the papacy throughout the centuries, including several of the almost renowned Roman sculptures and most of import masterpieces of Renaissance art in the world. The museums contain roughly 70,000 works, of which 20,000 are on display,^[i] and currently employ 640 people who work in xl different administrative, scholarly, and restoration departments.^[4]

Pope Julius II founded the museums in the early 16th century.^[five] The Sistine Chapel, with its ceiling and altar wall decorated by Michelangelo, and the Stanze di Raffaello (decorated by Raphael) are on the visitor route through the Vatican Museums.^[6]

In 2020, due to the COVID-nineteen pandemic, the Vatican Museums were visited by just ane,300,000 persons, a drop of 81 percentage from the number of visitors in 2019, but still enough to rank the museums fourth among the about-visited art museums in the world.^[7]

There are 24 galleries, or sale, in total, with the Sistine Chapel, notably, being the final sala within the Museum.^[8]

History [edit]

The Vatican Museums trace their origin to ane marble sculpture, purchased in the 16th century: Laocoön and His Sons was discovered on 14 Jan 1506, in a vineyard near the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome. Pope Julius II sent Giuliano da Sangallo and Michelangelo, who were working at the Vatican, to examine the discovery.^[9] On their recommendation, the Pope immediately purchased the sculpture from the vineyard owner. The Pope put the sculpture, which represents the Trojan priest Laocoön and his two sons, Antiphantes and Thymbraeus existence attacked past behemothic serpents, on public display at the Vatican exactly one calendar month after its discovery.^{[ten] [eleven]}

Benedict 14 founded the Museum Christianum, and some of the Vatican collections formed the Lateran Museum, which Pius Nine founded by decree in 1854.^[12]

The museums historic their 500th ceremony in October 2006 by permanently opening the excavations of a Vatican Colina necropolis to the public.^[thirteen]

On 1 Jan 2017, Barbara Jatta became the Director of the Vatican Museums, replacing Antonio Paolucci who had been director since 2007.^{[14] [xv]}

Pinacoteca Vaticana [edit]

The fine art gallery was housed in the Borgia Apartment until Pius XI ordered construction of a defended edifice. The new edifice, designed by Luca Beltrami, was inaugurated on 27 October 1932.^[16] The museum's paintings include:

• Giotto: Stefaneschi Triptych
• Olivuccio di Ciccarello: Opere di Misericordia
• Filippo Lippi: Marsuppini Coronation
• Giovanni Bellini: Pietà
• Melozzo da Forlì: Sixtus 4 Appointing Platina as Prefect of the Vatican Library
• Pietro Perugino: Decemviri Altarpiece and San Francesco al Prato Resurrection
• Leonardo da Vinci: Saint Jerome in the Wilderness
• Raphael: Madonna of Foligno, Oddi Altarpiece and Transfiguration
• Titian: Frari Madonna
• Antonio da Correggio: Christ in Glory
• Paolo Veronese: The Vision of Saint Helena
• Caravaggio: The Entombment of Christ
• Domenichino, The Last Communion of Saint Jerome
• Nicolas Poussin, The Martyrdom of Saint Erasmus
• Jan Matejko: Sobieski at Vienna

Drove of Modern Religious Art [edit]

The Collection of Modern Religious Art was added in 1973 and houses paintings and sculptures from such artists as Carlo Carrà, Giorgio de Chirico, Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, Marc Chagall, Paul Klee, Salvador Dalí, and Pablo Picasso.^[17]

Sculpture museums [edit]

The group of museums includes several sculpture museums surrounding the Cortile del Belvedere. These are the Museo Gregoriano Profano, with classical sculpture, and others as beneath:

Museo Pio-Clementino [edit]

The Braschi Antinous is in the Sala Rotonda (Round Hall) of Pio-Clementine Museum

The museum takes its name from two popes: Clement XIV, who established the museum, and Pius 6, who brought it to completion. Clement Xiv came upwards with the idea of creating a new museum in Innocent VIII'southward Belvedere Palace and started the refurbishment work.^[twenty]

Cloudless XIV founded the Museo Pio-Clementino in 1771; it originally contained artworks of antiquity and the Renaissance. The museum and collection were enlarged by Clement's successor Pius VI. Today, the museum houses works of Greek and Roman sculpture. Some notable galleries are as follows:

• Octagonal Courtroom (aka Belvedere Courtyard and Cortile delle Statue): this was where some of the first ancient classical statues in the papal collections were first displayed. Some of the most famous pieces, the Apollo of the Dais and Laocoön and His Sons take been hither since the early 1500s.
• Sala Rotonda: shaped like a miniature Pantheon, the room has impressive ancient mosaics on the floors, and ancient statues lining the perimeter, including a gilded statuary statue of Hercules and the Braschi Antinous.
• Greek Cross Gallery (Sala a Croce Greca): with the porphyry sarcophagi of Constance and Saint Helena, daughter and mother of Constantine the Swell.
• Gallery of the Statues (Galleria delle Statue): as its name implies, holds various important statues, including Sleeping Ariadne and the bust of Menander. It as well contains the Barberini Candelabra.^[21]
• Gallery of the Busts (Galleria dei Busti) Many ancient busts are displayed.
• Cabinet of the Masks (Gabinetto delle Maschere). The name comes from the mosaic on the floor of the gallery, constitute in Villa Adriana, which shows aboriginal theater masks. Statues are displayed forth the walls, including the Iii Graces.
• Sala delle Muse: houses the statue group of Apollo and the nine muses, uncovered in a Roman villa about Tivoli in 1774, too every bit statues by important ancient Greek or Roman sculptors. The centerpiece is the Dais Torso, revered past Michelangelo and other Renaissance men.^[22]
• Sala degli Animali: so named because of the many ancient statues of animals.^[21]

Museo Chiaramonti [edit]

This museum was founded in the early 19th century by Pius VII, whose surname before his election as Pope was Chiaramonti. The museum consists of a large arched gallery in which are exhibited several statues, sarcophagi and friezes. The New Wing, or Braccio Nuovo, built by Raffaele Stern, houses statues including the Augustus of Prima Porta, the Doryphoros, and The River Nile. It is in the Neoclassical style and has a wide biconvex roof with skylights. The colour scheme is blueish-greyness and white with a polychrome marble flooring. The walls of each side of the gallery have a row of big niches in which stand marble statues. Between the niches are plinths supporting smaller portrait sculptures. The Galleria Lapidaria forms part of the Museo Chiaramonti, and contains over three,000 rock tablets and inscriptions. It is accessible but with special permission, normally for the purpose of bookish written report.

Museo Gregoriano Etrusco [edit]

Founded past Gregory Xvi in 1837, this museum has 9 galleries and houses important Etruscan pieces, coming from archaeological excavations.^[23] The pieces include vases, sarcophagus, bronzes and the Guglielmi Collection.

Museo Gregoriano Egiziano [edit]

Statue of the Nile recumbent, 1st–2nd century AD, in the Museo Gregoriano Egiziano

This museum houses a large drove of artifacts from Ancient Arab republic of egypt.^[24] Such material includes papyruses, the Grassi Collection, animal mummies, and reproductions of the Book of the Dead.^[25]

The Museo Gregoriano Egiziano was inaugurated on 2 February 1839 to commemorate the ceremony of Gregory 16'south accession to the papacy. The creation of the museum was peculiarly close to the pope's heart every bit he believed that the understanding of ancient Egyptian civilisation was vital in terms of its scientific importance equally well as its value in understanding the Old Testament. This feeling was expressed in a paper by the museum's offset curator, the physiologist and Barnabite, Begetter Luigi Maria Ungarelli.^[xx]

Vatican Historical Museum [edit]

The Vatican Historical Museum (Italian: Museo storico vaticano) was founded in 1973 at the bidding of Paul VI,^[26] and was initially hosted in environments nether the Square Garden. In 1987, it moved to the main flooring of the Lateran Palace, where it opened in March 1991.

The Vatican Historical Museum has a unique drove of portraits of the Popes from the 16th century to date, the memorable items of the Papal War machine Corps of the 16th–17th centuries, and old religious paraphernalia related to rituals of the papacy. Likewise on display on the lower floor are the papamobili (Popemobiles), carriages and motorcars of popes and cardinals, including the first cars used by popes.^[27]

Highlights [edit]

• The ruddy marble papal throne, formerly in the Basilica of Saint John Lateran.
• Roman sculpture, tombstones, and inscriptions, including the Early Christian Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus and Dogmatic sarcophagus, and the epitaph of Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus.
• The Raphael Rooms with many works by Raphael and his workshop, including the masterpiece The School of Athens (1509–1511).
• The Niccoline Chapel.
• The Sistine Chapel, including the Sistine Chapel ceiling (gallery).
• The Gallery of Maps: topographical maps of the whole of Italy, painted on the walls past friar Ignazio Danti of Perugia, commissioned past Gregory XIII (1572–1585). Information technology remains the earth's largest pictorial geographical report.
• The frescoes and other works in the Borgia Apartment built for the Borgia pope Alexander VI.
• The Bramante Staircase is a double spiral staircase designed by Giuseppe Momo in 1932. The staircase has two parts, a double helix, and is of shallow incline, existence a stepped ramp rather than a true staircase. It encircles the outer wall of a stairwell about fifteen metres (49 feet) broad and with a clear space at the centre. The balustrade around the ramp is of ornately worked metal.

Visitors [edit]

On the last Sunday of each month, the Vatican Museum is open up to the public for gratis. Information technology is popular and mutual for people to wait in line for many hours. The other days of the calendar week tickets are available online or in person. This image is a panoramic view of one small stretch of the unabridged queue on Sunday 29 April 2007, which continues for some distance in both directions beyond view.

See also [edit]

• Accademia, Venice
• Index of State of the vatican city–related manufactures
• List of most visited art museums
• Uffizi, Florence

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b} "Meet Antonio Paolucci". Divento. Archived from the original on 2016-12-29. Retrieved 2016-12-28 .
2. ^ The Art Newspaper, March thirty,2021
3. ^ Troszczynska, Katarzyna (ane January 2017). "To ona rządzi w Watykanie. Kim jest Barbara Jatta?" [Who is Barbara Jatta? She is the manager of the Vatican] (in Polish). Virtual Poland. Retrieved 2017-08-29 .
4. ^ Jatta, Barbara (sixteen Oct 2016). "The Vatican Museums: transformation of an organization" (PDF). Vatican Museums. Retrieved 29 Baronial 2017.
5. ^ Bianchini, Riccardo (xxx Baronial 2017). "Vatican Museums – Rome". Inexhibit . Retrieved thirty August 2017.
6. ^ "Musei Vaticani and Cappella Sistina". Time Out Rome . Retrieved 2021-10-17 .
7. ^ The Art Newspaper visitor survey, March 30, 2021.
8. ^ "The Vatican Museums". www.romesightseeing.net . Retrieved 2021-10-16 .
9. ^ Shattuck, Kathryn (2005-04-18). "An Ancient Masterpiece or a Main'south Forgery?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-10-17 .
10. ^ News, Joe Lapointe, Special to The Detroit. "Muralist has grand plans for Cobo fresco". The Detroit News . Retrieved 2021-ten-17 .
11. ^ Grovier, Kelly. "Laocoön and His Sons: The revealing detail in an ancient observe". www.bbc.com . Retrieved 2021-10-17 .
12. ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Christian Museums". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
13. ^ McMahon, Barbara (10 October 2006). "Ancient Roman treasures plant under Vatican car park". The Guardian. Manchester. Retrieved 29 Baronial 2017.
14. ^ Glatz, Ballad (20 December 2016). "Pope names first woman to caput Vatican Museums". The Catholic Herald . Retrieved 29 August 2017.
15. ^ Rykner, Didier (7 December 2007). "Antonio Paolucci, the new Director of the Vatican Museums". The Fine art Tribune . Retrieved 28 August 2017.
16. ^ "Pinacoteca". Vatican Museums. Retrieved 29 Baronial 2017.
17. ^ "The Vatican Museums". Vatican City State. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
18. ^ Saddington, D. B. (2011). "Classes: the Evolution of the Roman Imperial Fleets Plate 12.2 on p. 204". In Erdkamp, Paul (ed.). A Companion to the Roman Army. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 201–217. ISBN978-1-4051-2153-8.
19. ^ Coarelli, Filippo (1987). I Santuari del Lazio in età repubblicana [The Sanctuaries of Lazio in the Republican age] (in Italian). Carocci. pp. 35–84.
20. ^ ^{a b} Bertoldi, Susanna (2011). The Vatican Museum: Detect the history, the works of fine art, the collections. Vatican city: Sillabe. pp. 46, 96. ISBN978-88-8271-210-5.
21. ^ ^{a b} "Waking the gods: how the classical world cast its spell over British art". the Guardian. 21 October 2016.
22. ^ Montebello, Philippe De; Kathleen Howard (1983). "Sala delle Muse". The Vatican: Spirit and Fine art of Christian Rome . Metropolitan Museum of Fine art. pp. 178–180. ISBN978-08-70993480.
23. ^ "Museo Gregoriano Etrusco". Vatican Museums. Retrieved 2021-01-05 .
24. ^ "Gregorian Egyptian Museum". Vatican Museums. Retrieved 2014-08-21 .
25. ^ "Monuments exhibited in Room II of the Egyptian Museum". Archived from the original on 5 July 2011.
26. ^ Guide to the Vatican Museums and City. Musei Vaticani. 1986. ISBN978-88-86921-xi-4 . Retrieved 9 May 2013.
27. ^ "Museo Storico Vaticano (San Giovanni)". Roma Capitale. Retrieved 28 August 2017.

Further reading [edit]

• G. Spinola, Il Museo Pio-Clementino (3 vols., 1996, 1999, 2004)
• G. B. Visconti and East. Q. Visconti, Il Museo Pio-Clementino Descritto (eight vols., 1782–1792)
• Daley, John (1982). The Vatican: spirit and art of Christian Rome. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN978-0810917118.
• Peter Rohrbacher: Völkerkunde und Afrikanistik für den Papst. Missionsexperten und der Vatikan 1922–1939 in: Römische Historische Mitteilungen 54 (2012), 583–610.

External links [edit]

• Official website
• Vatican Museums official on-line ticket part
• Official English language data
• On-line arts Catalogue
• Vatican Museum's 360 degree panorama virtual tour
• Vatican Museum's On-line bookshop

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Museums

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